Generalized probability model for estimating the proportion of the female population at different levels of fertility based on census sampling from a mixed population

The present exercise is an attempt to generalize a probability model referring to the waiting time distribution for conception in a mixed group of fecund females with two varying levels of fecundity, based on a census sample truncated at time T =t from the date of resumption of fecundity following an earlier conception (Biswas, 1975, Sankhya, Series B, 37, Part III). The generalization is made in two aspects, viz. instead of fixed conception rates, time-dependent rates decreasing with the age of the woman have been used. Additionally, unlike the model of Biswas (1975) consisting of two different fecund groups, three different levels of fecundity have been taken into consideration in this paper. Estimates of the proportion of fecund females over time, viz. π_i(t) (i = 1, 2, 3) are attempted by the method of maximum likelihood on the basis of a census sample truncated at time T = t under the generalized set up.     

Statistical linearization approach to power-system state estimation†

New algorithms are presented for power-system complex node voltage estimation, based on statistical linearization of power-flow equations and a least-squares criterion. To illustrate the algorithms a 7-bus power network is simulated on a computer and a comparison is made with estimates obtained through the conventional Taylor series approach.     

Modelling of flexible spacecraft and their stabilization†

The paper deals with the problem of rigorous modelling of flexible spacecraft and their stabilization. The attitude dynamics of the satellite bus and the equations for vibration of a flexible beam attached to it are derived. The complete system dynamics are given by a coupled set of ordinary and partial differential equations. The effects of controls applied on the. bus and/or on the flexible beam are investigated. It is shown that stabilization of the flexible spacecraft can be achieved by use of simple feedback controls.     

Generalized age-dependent model for estimation of mean survival time in the presence of two competing risks

The paper is motivated towards developing a generalized probability model describing the longevity of a system exposed to paired risks R₁ and R₂ which are dependent. The bivariate exponential model of Freund (1961) with failure times X and Y under risks R₁ and R₂ with a time-independent hazard rate set-up has been generalized by incorporating an additional age factor, t, as a variable. The hazard rates due to R₁ and R₂ have been changed from a to α(t) = αt^α?1, and from β to β(f) = βt^β?1 where α,β > 0 which are Weibull hazard functions for α,β > 1. Further conditions are imposed such that α is changed to α' when R₂ is off and β is changed to β' when R₁ is off. The trivariate distribution of Freund so generalized has again been doubly truncated in the range a  t  b, for a, b > 0; and the conditional distribution of X and Y given t has been used to study the role of the component's age in the context of the system's survival under paired dependent risks in the finite age range.     

Effect of Elevated CO2 Growth Conditions on the Nutritive Composition and Acceptability of Baked Sweet Potatoes

‘Georgia-Jet’ sweet potatoes were grown at CO₂ concentrations of 354, 431, 506, and 659 ppm for 90 days. Elevated CO₂ concentrations decreased protein, total carotenoids and insoluble dietary fiber. An increase in dry matter and a reddish-orange color was observed at 506 and 659 ppm CO₂ concentrations. Sensory evaluation scores for flavor and moistness indicated that sweet potatoes grown under high CO₂ concentrations were acceptable and not different from the control.     

Al-4.5Cu-2Mg合金应力-应变定位及分布的有限元分析（英文）

通过有限元方法分析不同加工路线和条件对Al-4.5Cu-2Mg合金微观形变行为的影响。合金采用4种不同的加工技术和条件制备,分别为有或无细化剂的常规重力铸造、流变铸造和SIMA工艺。以合金的光学显微结构作为代表性体积元(RVEs),采用两种不同的边界条件模拟合金在单轴载荷作用下的变形行为,最后将模拟的应力-应变行为与实验结果进行比较。结果表明,微观结构形态对应力和应变分布及承载能力具有显著影响,共晶相比α(Al)相能承受更高的载荷,具有较薄且均匀分布的共晶网络结构的球状α(Al)相能提供更好的应力和应变分布。因此,SIMA加工合金比其他技术加工合金拥有更好的应力和应变分布。最后,将该合金的模拟屈服强度与实验进行验证,结果具有较好的一致性。     

Facile synthesis of asymmetric patchy Janus Ag/Cu particles and study of their antifungal activity

Asymmetric patchy Ag/Cu Janus nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via a “seed-mediated” approach. This is the first report of synthesis of nanometer sized metal-based Janus NPs without using complicated methods. Selective adsorption of the surfactant onto the seed NPs leads to the formation of Janus type structure. Subsequently the reduction potential of Ag⁺/Ag⁰ and Cu²⁺/Cu⁰ systems directs the formation of the “patch”. The patchy Janus NPs show significant antifungal activity towards a potent rice pathogen thus offering the prospect of future application in crop protection.     

Quasi-static crack tip fields in rate-sensitive FCC single crystals

In this work, the effects of loading rate, material rate sensitivity and constraint level on quasi-static crack tip fields in a FCC single crystal are studied. Finite element simulations are performed within a mode I, plane strain modified boundary layer framework by prescribing the two term (K − T) elastic crack tip field as remote boundary conditions. The material is assumed to obey a rate-dependent crystal plasticity theory. The orientation of the single crystal is chosen so that the crack surface coincides with the crystallographic (010) plane and the crack front lies along [10[`1]][10\overline 1] direction. Solutions corresponding to different stress intensity rates [(K)\dot]\dot{{K}}, T-stress values and strain rate exponents m are obtained. The results show that the stress levels ahead of the crack tip increase with [(K)\dot]\dot{{K}} which is accompanied by gradual shrinking of the plastic zone size. However, the nature of the shear band patterns around the crack tip is not affected by the loading rate. Further, it is found that while positive T-stress enhances the opening and hydrostatic stress levels ahead of crack tip, they are considerably reduced with imposition of negative T-stress. Also, negative T-stress promotes formation of shear bands in the forward sector ahead of the crack tip and suppresses them behind the tip.     

Shrinkage of Glass Soot Samples using Hot-Stage Scanning Electron Microscopy

Glass soot samples were generated by both flame hydrolysis and oxidation of silicon and germanium tetrachlorides. The shrinkage of these samples during sintering was determined accurately by hot-stage scanning electron microscopy. Shrinkage data were analyzed by an extension of Frenkel's theory of viscous sintering.     

Environment sensitive impedance spectroscopy and dc conductivity measurements on NiWO4

Measurements of impedance spectroscopy and dc conductivity over the temperature range 300–1000K in atmospheres of dry and wet argon on antiferromagnetic NiWO4 are presented. The measured polycrystalline material was produced by a co-precipitation route. The conductivity was found to be sensitive to moisture over the temperature range 300–450 K. Impedance spectroscopy measurements separated the contributions of the bulk lattice and grain boundaries to the conductivity. These were separated over the temperature range 615–833 K by equivalent circuit modelling and an activation energy for the bulk lattice conductivity obtained. Conductivity measurements indicated that the compound is an intrinsic semiconductor and obeys the Arrhenius conductivity equation; =492.7 exp(–1.15 eV/kT)-1 m-1, above 625 K where K and T have their usual meaning.